(c) Sociology and common sense

2. Sociology as Science:

(a) Science, scientific method, and critique.

(e) Non-positivist methodologies.

3. Research Methods and Analysis:

(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods

(a) Karl Marx – Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.

(b) Emile Durkhteim – Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion, and society.

(e) Robert K. Merton – Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups.

(f) Mead – Self and identity.

(c) Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity, and race.

(d) Social mobility – open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility

(a) Social organization of work in different types of society – slave society, feudal society, industrial capitalist society.

(b) Formal and informal organization of work.

(c) Labour and society.

(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.

(d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.

(b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.

(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamentalism.

(a) Family, household, marriage.

(b) Types and forms of family

(e) Contemporary trends.

(c) Agents of social change.

(d) Education and social change.

(e) Science, technology, and social change.

(i) Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society:

(b) Structural Functionalism (M N Srinivas)

(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society:

(b) Modernization of Indian tradition

(c)  Protests and movements during the colonial period.

(d) Social reforms

(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:

(a) The idea of Indian village and village studies.

(b) Agrarian social structure— evolution of land tenure system, land reforms

(ii) Caste System:

(c) Untouchability – forms and perspectives

(iii) Tribal communities in India:

(c) Colonial policies and tribes

(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.

(iv) Social Classes in India:

(a) Agrarian class structure.

(b) Industrial class structure.

(c) Middle classes in India.

(vi) Religion and Society:

(a) Religious communities in India.

(b) Problems of religious minorities.

(ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:

(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.

(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:

(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.

(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.

(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.

(d) Informal sector, child labour.

(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

(v) Social Movements in Modern India:

(a) Peasants and farmers movements.

(b) Women’s movement.

(vi) Population Dynamics:

(a) Population size, growth, composition, and distribution. (b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.

(c) Population Policy and family planning.

(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation:

(d) Caste conflicts.

(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.

(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education.