Cyber Security and other challenges (DAMP)

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• India faces multiple and intricate challenges to its cybersecurity, however, a holistic approach that integrates both technological and policy-based solutions can effectively tackle these issues. Discuss (10 Marks)

22-04-2023

Q: India faces multiple and intricate challenges to its cybersecurity, however, a holistic approach that integrates both technological and policy-based solutions can effectively tackle these issues. Discuss (10 Marks)

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Answer :

Under the Indian context, cybercrime refers to any criminal activity or offense committed using computer networks or the internet. The Information Technology Act, 2000, which is the primary law governing cybercrime in India, defines cybercrime as any illegal activity involving a computer, computer network, or computer resource.

• Cybercrime: India has seen an increase in cybercrime cases, such as online financial fraud, phishing scams, and identity theft. For instance, in February 2021, a Mumbai-based businessman lost INR 1.86 crore (approximately USD 252,500) to a phishing scam.
• Data breaches: In 2020, a data breach at India’s largest airline, Air India, exposed the personal information of around 4.5 million customers. This incident highlighted the need for better data protection measures in the country.
• Ransomware attacks: In April 2021, India’s largest private port operator, Adani Ports, was hit by a ransomware attack that caused disruption to its operations. The cybercriminals demanded a ransom of USD 4 million in exchange for the decryption key.
• Lack of cybersecurity awareness: For instance, in 2020, an Indian bank lost INR 1.3 crore (approximately USD 177,000) due to a social engineering attack, where the attackers used phishing emails to gain access to the bank’s system.
• Cyber espionage: In 2020, a Chinese state-sponsored hacking group targeted several Indian organizations, including the Indian government’s COVID-19 response team.
• Lack of skilled cybersecurity professionals: India faces a shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals, which makes it difficult to address the growing threat of cybercrime and cyber-attacks.

• Technological Solutions: India has made significant progress in developing and deploying technological solutions to enhance cybersecurity.
• For instance, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) operates a 24/7 cybersecurity helpline, which helps individuals and organizations report cyber incidents and receive timely assistance.
• Several cybersecurity projects such as Cyber Swachhta Kendra and National Cyber Coordination Centre, aimed at improving cybersecurity awareness and strengthening India’s cyber defense capabilities.
• Policy-based Solutions: India has also implemented several policy-based solutions to improve cybersecurity. For instance, the government has established the National Cyber Security Policy 2013, which outlines a comprehensive framework to address cybersecurity challenges.
• Public-Private Partnerships: India has initiated several public-private partnerships to enhance cybersecurity. For instance, the Data Security Council of India (DSCI) is a not-for-profit organization established in partnership with NASSCOM.
• Cybersecurity Education: For instance, the government has established the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), which offers various cybersecurity courses.
• Moreover, the National Cyber Security Coordinator has launched initiatives such as Cyber Surakshit Bharat, which aims to educate individuals on safe online practices.

There is a need to revamp the IT Act 2000 to keep in mind the evolving technologies and challenges. India also needs to strengthen its technological capacity and manpower to address the challenges. The recently proposed Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, which aims to regulate the collection, use, and transfer of personal data in India and strengthen the country’s cybersecurity framework.