An ancient capital: Uraiyur(Although the site is closer to Thanjavur, capital of imperial Cholas of early medieval period, but since the question in asking specifically about ancient capital, so Uraiyur is more logical).
A Palaeolithic site:Bhimbetka
A cultural centre:Nalanda
An ancient capital:Purushpura
A Palaeolithic site: Renigunta
A historical site:Manyakheta
A Harappan Site:Ropar
An ancient capital:Pragjyotishpura
A political and cultural centre:Pratishthana/Paithan
Megalithic site:Brahmagiri
A Mesolithic site:Sarai Nahar Rai
A Chalcolithic site:Lal Qila
A prehistoric site:Adamgarh
A political and cultural centre:Takshashila
An ancient capital: Srinagar
A lost port:Puhar/Kaveripattanam
Rock-cave art centre: Nashik caves/Pandavleni caves